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A major UK review of global research has concluded that regular, intentional screen time should be avoided for children under the age of two because it is associated with a range of potential long-term developmental and health risks.
The researchers found that screen use in babies and toddlers may be linked to:
- Reduced parent-child bonding and interaction.
- Delayed language and communication development.
- Less physical play and social engagement.
- Poorer sleep due to overstimulation.
- Potential eye health problems.
- Increased risk of childhood obesity.
- Reliance on screens for comfort instead of caregivers.
Although the review did not prove that screens directly cause these problems, it found no evidence of meaningful developmental benefits from regular screen use before age two, while the potential risks are significant.
The researchers argue that current UK government guidance—which allows limited shared screen use for activities such as video calls or supported learning—could unintentionally reassure parents that screen time is safe for infants. They recommend revising this guidance to more clearly discourage intentional screen use for children under two.
The team also calls for:
- A national assessment tool to identify babies who may be at risk from excessive screen exposure.
- Better support and education for parents without blaming them.
- Greater responsibility from technology companies to stop marketing digital content as suitable for babies.
Government representatives maintain that their current guidance already recommends avoiding screens for under-twos while recognising that limited shared activities, such as video calls with relatives, can be appropriate in certain situations.
Key takeaway: The review concludes that babies under two are unlikely to benefit from regular screen time, while there is growing evidence of potential developmental risks. Researchers recommend prioritising face-to-face interaction, play, and responsive caregiving over digital device use during the first two years of life.
